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来源：家彩网官方2024-02-24 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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最新动态：俄宣布更换特别军事行动总指挥乌方在基辅实施联合反情报行动******

　　新华社北京1月12日电综合新华社驻外记者报道：俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古11日宣布更换俄对乌克兰开展特别军事行动区域联合部队总指挥，由俄武装力量总参谋长格拉西莫夫出任。同日，乌克兰国家安全局与乌国家警察局和军事执法部门在首都基辅实施了联合反情报行动。

　　——俄国防部表示，提高特别军事行动的管理层级与“行动中待解决任务范围的扩大、在不同军种间组织更为密切的互动、提高不同类型的保障质量和部队编队的管理效能”有关。国防部网站消息说，原特别军事行动区域联合部队总指挥、俄空天军总司令苏罗维金大将，俄陆军总司令萨留科夫大将以及俄武装力量副总参谋长基姆上将出任特别军事行动区域联合部队副总指挥。

　　——乌克兰国家安全局11日在社交媒体发布消息说，当天上午在基辅实施联合反情报行动期间，重点检查了乌内阁等国家机关工作区和周边区域，目的是加强对重要国家机构及相关人员的安保。

　　——俄总统普京11日在主持本年度首次政府工作视频会议时宣布，俄计划提升国防能力并解决保障特别军事行动参战部队的所有问题。他表示，无论面临何种外部压力，俄罗斯须在近期内彻底解决自主发展问题。

　　——欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩和北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格11日宣布，双方将成立联合工作组以更好保护交通、能源、数字和太空等领域的关键基础设施，防止北溪天然气管道遇袭等类似事件重演。

　　——波兰总统杜达11日说，波兰将向乌克兰提供一个连的德国造“豹”式坦克。这将是西方国家首次向乌提供被认为是进攻型武器的西方制造主战坦克。据波通社报道，杜达当天在乌西部城市利沃夫与乌总统泽连斯基和立陶宛总统瑙塞达举行会晤。据悉，一个坦克连通常有14辆坦克，波兰目前拥有200多辆不同型号的豹-2型坦克。

　　——爱沙尼亚外交部11日通知俄罗斯驻该国大使，爱沙尼亚政府决定在2月1日前将俄驻该国使馆人员减半。爱沙尼亚外交部新闻局表示，此举旨在确保两国外交使团的工作人员数量对等。

　　——乌克兰国家通讯社10日报道，乌国家核能监管局代局长奥列格·科里科夫说国际原子能机构已同意乌方提议，即将向切尔诺贝利核电站在内的所有乌方核电站派遣观察团。观察团将负责观察袭击活动对核设施的影响。

　　——乌克兰国家统计局10日发布物价报告说，2022年乌克兰通货膨胀率为26.6%，创2015年以来新高。报告说，过去一年乌克兰食品、运输和燃油价格涨幅最大，分别上涨34.4%、42.9%、69.4%。2023年乌国家预算法案预计今年的通胀率为28%。（参与记者：李东旭、华迪、任珂、张章、陈琛）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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